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2.
ABCD arq. bras. cir. dig ; 36: e1781, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533305

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Magnetic ring (MSA) implantation in the esophagus is an alternative surgical procedure to fundoplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: A systematic literature review of articles on MSA was performed using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) database between 2008 and 2021, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effect model was used to generate a pooled proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) across all studies. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies comprising 4,663 patients with MSA were analysed. Mean follow-up was 27.3 (7-108) months. The weighted pooled proportion of symptom improvement and patient satisfaction were 93% (95%CI 83-98%) and 85% (95%CI 78-90%), respectively. The mean DeMeester score (pre-MSA: 34.6 vs. post-MSA: 8.9, p=0.03) and GERD-HRQL score (pre-MSA: 25.8 vs. post-MSA: 4.4, p<0.0001) improved significantly after MSA. The proportion of patients taking proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) decreased from 92.8 to 12.4% (p<0.0001). The weighted pooled proportions of dysphagia, endoscopic dilatation and gas-related symptoms were 18, 13, and 3%, respectively. Esophageal erosion occurred in 1% of patients, but its risk significantly increased for every year of MSA use (odds ratio — OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.11-1.77, p=0.004). Device removal was needed in 4% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although MSA is a very effective treatment modality for GERD, postoperative dysphagia is common and the risk of esophageal erosion increases over time. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term safety of MSA placement in patients with GERD.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A implantação de anel magnético (AM) no esôfago é um procedimento cirúrgico alternativo à fundoplicatulra, para o tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia e segurança do anel magnético em pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE). MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos sobre AM foi realizada usando o banco de dados Medline entre 2008 e 2021, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para gerar uma proporção agrupada com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% em todos os estudos. RESULTADOS: Um total de 22 estudos compreendendo 4.663 pacientes submetidos à colocação do AM foram analisados. O seguimento médio foi de 27,3 (7-108) meses. A proporção ponderada de melhora dos sintomas e satisfação do paciente foi de 93% (IC95% 83-98%) e 85% (IC95% 78-90%), respectivamente. A pontuação média de DeMeester (pré-AM: 34,6 versus pós-AM: 8,9, p=0,03) e pontuação GERD-HRQL (pré-AM: 25,8 versus pós-AM: 4,4, p<0,0001) melhoraram significativamente após a colocação do anel. A proporção de pacientes em uso de inbidor de bomba de prótons (IBP) diminuiu de 92,8% para 12,4% (p<0,0001). A erosão esofágica ocorreu em 1% dos pacientes, o risco aumentou significativamente para cada ano de uso do AM (OR 1,40; IC95% 1,11-1,77, p=0,004). A remoção do dispositivo foi necessária em 4% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O AM é uma modalidade de tratamento eficaz para a DRGE. A disfagia pós-operatória é comum, e o risco de erosão esofágica aumenta com o tempo.

3.
Rev. argent. cir ; 114(1): 20-25, mar. 2022. graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1376372

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: en la última década ha comenzado a investigarse el uso de la captación de fluorescencia mediante luz infrarroja para la visualización de ganglios linfáticos en tumores de estómago y esófago. Objetivo: evaluar la factibilidad de la evaluación del drenaje linfático de cáncer de esófago mediante el uso de fluorescencia y verde de indocianina (ICG). Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes con tumores de la unión gastroesofágica resecables (estadios I, II y III). Antes de comenzar la cirugía se inyectaron por endoscopia 4 mL de ICG doblemente diluida en agua estéril (1,25 mg/mL = 5 mg) en la submucosa del esófago en los cuatro cuadrantes (1 mL por cuadrante) alrededor del tumor. Resultados: se incluyeron en total 6 pacientes. En todos ellos se logró identificar el drenaje linfático del tumor hacia la primera estación ganglionar: en 6/6 (100%), el drenaje linfático con fluorescencia se detectó en las estaciones ganglionares N°s 3 y 7 (curvatura menor y arteria gástrica izquierda). En ningún paciente se identificó fluorescencia en ganglios mediastinales. Conclusión: la visualización del drenaje linfático de tumores de la unión gastroesofágica mediante el uso de fluorescencia con ICG es factible.


ABSTRACT Background: Over the past decade, fluorescence imaging with infrared light has been used to visualize lymph nodes in tumors of the stomach and esophagus. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of evaluating lymphatic drainage in esophageal cancer using fluorescence and indocyanine green (ICG). Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with resectable tumors of the gastroesophageal junction (stage I, II and III). Before surgery, 4 mL of ICG double diluted in sterile water (1.25 mg/mL = 5 mg) were injected via endoscopy into the esophageal submucosa in the four quadrants (1 mL per quadrant) around the tumor. Results: A total of 6 patients were included. Lymphatic drainage from the tumor to the first lymph node station was identified in all patients: in 6/6 (100%), fluorescent lymphatic drainage was detected in nodal stations number 3 and 7 (lesser curvature and left gastric artery) Fluorescence was not identified in the mediastinal lymph nodes in any patient. Conclusion: Visualization of lymphatic drainage of gastroesophageal junction tumors to the lesser curvature nodes using fluorescence imaging is feasible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Stomach Neoplasms , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Esophagectomy , Argentina , Feasibility Studies , Prospective Studies , Esophagogastric Junction , Fluorescence , Gastric Artery , Indocyanine Green , Lymph Node Excision
4.
Rev. argent. cir ; 113(1): 32-42, abr. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288172

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: tanto el adenocarcinoma gástrico (ACG) como el esofágico (ACE) son una de las princi pales causas de muerte por cáncer digestivo en el mundo, si bien la ecoendoscopia (EUS) ha demos trado ser una herramienta valiosa en la estadificación preoperatoria del ACG y ACE en casos seleccio nados. Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad de la EUS en la estadificación de ACG y ACE para seleccionar los pacientes candidatos a neoadyuvancia, comparándola con la etapa previa a la implementación de la EUS en un centro quirúrgico de la Argentina. Material y métodos: se incluyó una serie consecutiva de pacientes con ACE y ACG durante el período 2013- 2019. Se excluyeron pacientes con criterios de irresecabilidad y operados de urgencia. Se dividió la muestra en cuatro grupos: G1 y G2 ACE con y sin EUS, G3 y G4 ACG con y sin EUS, respectivamente. Se evaluaron variables clínicas, anatomopatológicas y de supervivencia en todos los grupos. Resultados: se incluyó un total de 89 pacientes, de los cuales 40 fueron por ACE, 30 pacientes perte necieron a G1 vs. 10 a G2. Se analizaron 49 pacientes con ACG, 20 pertenecieron a G3, mientras que 29 a G4. En los pacientes estadificados con EUS, en G1, 23 pacientes realizaron neoadyuvancia (76 %) versus 2 pacientes en G2 (20 %) p: ≤ 0,005. En G3 realizaron quimioterapia perioperatoria 8 pacientes (40 %), mientras que en G4, solo dos pacientes (7 %) p: ≤ 0,005. En cuanto al análisis de metástasis ganglionares (G+) en la anatomía patológica, tuvimos un aumento esperable en los pacientes no esta dificados con EUS en cáncer esofágico donde, en G1, el 30% tuvieron G+ versus 60% en G2 p: ≤ 0,005. En G3 y G4 se observó un 45 % de G+. Con un tiempo promedio de seguimiento de 36 meses (6-72), si bien no observamos una diferencia significativa en cuanto a supervivencia global ni recurrencia, observamos una tendencia a favor de los pacientes estadificados con EUS. Conclusión: la utilización de la EUS en la estadificación preoperatoria de ACG y ACE es importante. Aunque su uso puede ser un desafío en muchos centros de la Argentina, futuros esfuerzos son necesa rios para incluir) este estudio en casos seleccionados en la estadificación de tales pacientes.


ABSTRACT Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are one of the leading causes of mortality from gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has proved to be a valuable tool for preoperative staging of GAC and EAC in selected cases. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of EUS for staging of EAC and GAC and selecting patients who are candidates for neoadjuvant therapy, as compared with the previous stage before the implementation of EUS, in a surgical center in Argentina. Material and methods: Consecutive patients with EAC and GAC between 2013-2019 were included. Patients with criteria of unresectable cancer or who underwent emergency surgery were excluded. The sample was divided into four groups G1 and G2 (EAC with and without EUS, respectively) and G3 and G4 (GAC with and without EUS, respectively). The clinical and anatomopathological variables and survival were evaluated in all the groups. Results: A total of 89 patients were included, 40 with EAC (30 in G1 and 10 in G2, and 49 with GAC, 20 in G3 and 29 in G4. Of the patients undergoing EUS staging in G1, 23 (75%) received neoadjuvant therapy vs. 2 patients in G2 (20%) (P ≤ 0.005). Eight patients (40%) in G3 and 2 (7%) in G4 received perioperative chemotherapy (P ≤ 0.005). Lymph node metastases were observed in 9 (30%) of surgical specimens of EAC in G1 and in 60% in G2 (P ≤ 0.005), and in 45% in G3 and G4. After a mean follow-up of 36 months (6-72), we observed a non-significant trend toward higher overall survival and disease-free survival in patients undergoing EUS staging. Conclusion: EUS for preoperative staging pf EAC and GAC is a useful tool. Although the use of EUS use may be a challenging task in many centers in Argentina, future efforts are needed to include this test in selected cases for staging patients with these types of cancers.

5.
Rev. argent. cir ; 112(1): 9-15, mar. 2020. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125776

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: la hipocalcemia es la complicación más frecuente luego de una tiroidectomía total y puede manifestarse de manera bioquímica, o con síntomas leves o severos. Objetivos: analizar factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de hipocalcemia severa postiroidectomía total. Material y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes en los que se realizó tiroidectomía total primaria, analizando factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de hipocalcemia severa (signos y síntomas que requirieron internación y tratamiento con calcio intravenoso o persistencia de signosintomatología luego de 48 horas de haber recibido tratamiento inicial vía oral). Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínico-quirúrgicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: se realizaron un total de 1665 tiroidectomías entre 2007 y 2018 y, de estas, 918 fueron tiroidectomías totales primarias. Un total de 203 (22%) pacientes desarrollaron hipocalcemia. De ellos, 183 (20%) presentaron hipocalcemia leve y 20 (2%) hipocalcemia severa. En el análisis univariado, la edad, la intervención por cirujano especialista en cabeza y cuello, el peso de la glándula tiroides mayor de 30 gramos, la resección paratiroidea y la patología maligna se vieron asociados al desarrollo de hipocalcemia severa. En el análisis multivariado, los últimos tres fueron factores de riesgo asociados a esta complicación, con significancia estadística. Conclusiones: en nuestra serie, los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de hipocalcemia severa postiroidectomía total fueron la resección, advertida o inadvertida de las glándulas paratiroides, el peso de la glándula tiroides mayor de 30 gramos y la patología maligna. Por lo tanto, en estos pacientes debemos prestar especial atención al desarrollo de dicha complicación en el posoperatorio.


Background: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after a total thyroidectomy. It may occur as biochemical hypocalcemia, or with mild or severe symptoms. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Material and methods: Patients undergoing primary total thyroidectomy were included. The risk factors for the development of severe hypocalcemia (signs and symptoms requiring hospitalization and treatment with intravenous calcium or persistence of signs and symptoms after 48 hours of initial oral treatment) were analyzed. The evaluation included analysis of the demographic, clinical, surgical and histopathological variables. Results: Of 1665 thyroid resections performed between 2007 and 2018, 918 corresponded to primary total thyroidectomies; 203 (22%) of these patients developed hypocalcemia. Mild hypocalcemia occurred in 183 (20%) cases and sever hypocalcemia in 20 (2%) patients, The univariate analysis showed that a procedure performed by head and neck surgeons, thyroid gland weight > 30 g, resection of the parathyroid glands and thyroid cancer were associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia. On multivariate analysis, the last three variables were risk factors significantly associated with this complication. Conclusions: In our series, noticed or inadvertent resection of the parathyroid glands with subsequent reimplantation, high weight of the thyroid gland and malignancy were identified as risk factors for the development of severe hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the development of such complication in the postoperative period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Hypocalcemia/pathology , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Calcium , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
6.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 33(4): e1557, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152629

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: High-resolution manometry is more costly but clinically superior to conventional manometry. Water-perfused systems may decrease costs, but it is unclear if they are as reliable as solid-state systems, and reference values are interchangeable. Aim: To validate normal values for a new water-perfusion high-resolution manometry system. Methods: Normative values for a 24-sensors water perfused high-resolution manometry system were validated by studying 225 individuals who underwent high resolution manometry for clinical complaints. Patients were divided in four groups: group 1 - gastroesophageal reflux disease; group 2 - achalasia; group 3 - systemic diseases with possible esophageal manifestation; and group 4 - dysphagia. Results: In group 1, a hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter was found in 49% of individuals with positive 24 h pH monitoring, and in 28% in pH-negative individuals. In groups 2 and 3, aperistalsis was found in all individuals. In group 4, only one patient (14%) had normal high-resolution manometry. Conclusions: The normal values determined for this low-cost water-perfused HRM system with unique peristaltic pump and helicoidal sensor distribution are discriminatory of most abnormalities of esophageal motility seen in clinical practice.


RESUMO Racional: A manometria de alta resolução é mais custosa, porém clinicamente superior à manometria convencional. Sistemas por perfusão de água podem ter custo diminuído, mas não é certo se são tão eficazes quanto aos sistemas de estado sólido e se os valores de referência são intercambiáveis. Objetivo: Este estudo visa validar valores de normalidade para um novo sistema por perfusão de água. Método: Valores de normalidade para um sistema de manometria de alta resolução de 24 sensores por perfusão de água foram validados estudando 225 indivíduos submetidos à manometria de alta resolução por queixas clínicas. Pacientes foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo 1 - doença do refluxo gastroesofágico; grupo 2 - acalasia; grupo 3 - doenças sistêmicas com possível doenças sistêmicas com comprometimento esofágico; e grupo 4 - pacientes com disfagia. Resultado: No grupo 1, esfíncter esofagiano inferior hipotônico foi encontrado em 49% dos indivíduos com pHmetria positiva e 28% daqueles com pHmetria negativa. Nos grupos 2 e 3, aperistalse foi encontrada em todos indivíduos. No grupo 4, somente um paciente (14%) tinha manometria normal. Conclusão: Os valores de normalidade definidos para este sistema de manometria de alta resolução por perfusão de água são discriminatórios da maioria das anormalidades da motilidade esofágica vistas na prática clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower , Esophagus/physiology , Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology , Manometry/methods , Peristalsis , Reference Values , Water , Esophageal Achalasia , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Reproducibility of Results , Manometry/instrumentation
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(3): 348-354, Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003044

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Residency programs, especially in surgery, have been undergoing constant changes. The profile of residents in surgical fields is changing too since residents are now part of the Generation Y (Millenials). This change in profile mandates a re-evaluation to adapt surgical residency programs. Six years ago, we carried out a study evaluating attitudes and experiences during training, and the professional expectations of residents. This study aims to survey surgical residents to evaluate current attitudes, experiences, and expectations. METHODS: We surveyed 50 residents to determine professional satisfaction, residency-program satisfaction, future expectations, financial expectations, and correct attitude towards patients. RESULTS: Our results show that half of the residents are satisfied with the residency program. However, dissatisfaction reaches 40% on surgical volume and 80% on mentorship; 62% of the residents are not confident to perform operations after the residency, the majority believes a specialization is necessary; most residents believe financial compensation will decrease with time, but concerns with reimbursement are low; and most residents are worried about injuring patients, but only two thirds are satisfied working with patients. CONCLUSIONS: Current residents present lower job satisfaction and more criticism of teaching techniques. These changes compared to previous results match the profile of Generation Y, who is more iconoclastic when compared to previous generations.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de residência, especialmente em cirurgia, estão em constante mudança. O perfil dos residentes nos campos cirúrgicos também vem mudando, dado que atuais residentes fazem parte da Geração Y (Millennials). Essa mudança de perfil demanda uma reavaliação para adaptar os programas de residência. Este estudo tem como objetivo entrevistar os residentes de áreas cirúrgicas para avaliar suas atuais atitudes, experiência e expectativas. MÉTODOS: Entrevistamos 50 residentes para determinar satisfação profissional, expectativas em relação ao futuro, expectativas financeiras e atitude correta em relação aos pacientes. RESULTADOS: A insatisfação com o volume cirúrgico chega a 40% e a 80% com a preceptoria; 62% dos residentes não se sentem confiantes para realizar procedimentos sozinhos após o fim do programa e a maioria acredita que uma especialização cirúrgica é necessária; a maioria dos residentes acredita que os ganhos monetários diminuirão com o tempo. CONCLUSÃO: Os atuais residentes apresentam menor satisfação com o trabalho quando comparados com os antigos, e são mais críticos quanto ao ambiente de ensino. Essas mudanças seguem as premissas da Geração Y, cujos participantes são mais iconoclastas quando comparados a gerações passadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , General Surgery/education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Job Satisfaction , Medical Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Attitude of Health Personnel , Surveys and Questionnaires , Internship and Residency/methods , Motivation
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 55(supl.1): 13-17, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973915

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the Western world. GERD pathophysiology is multifactorial. Different mechanisms may contribute to GERD including an increase in the transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient (TPG). The pathophysiology of GERD linked to TPG is not entirely understood. This review shows that TPG is an important contributor to GERD even when an intact esophagogastric barrier is present in the setting of obesity and pulmonary diseases.


RESUMO A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é a enfermidade mais comum do trato digestivo alto no mundo ocidental. A fisiopatologia da DRGE é multifatorial. Diferentes mecanismos podem contribuir para um aumento do gradiente pressórico transdiafragmático (GPT). A fisiopatologia da DRGE associada ao GPT não é totalmente compreendida. Esta revisão enfoca que o GPT é um importante contribuinte para DRGE mesmo na presença de uma barreira gastroesofágica intacta como na obesidade e doenças pulmonares crônicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/physiopathology , Esophagogastric Junction/physiopathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology , Risk Factors , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Manometry , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology
9.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(2): e1376, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949225

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The diagnosis of achalasia may be suggested by clinical features but a complete work-up is required not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to grade the disease by severity or clinical subtype. Objective: To review the current evaluation of esophageal achalasia and its correct comprehension. Method: The literature review was based on papers published on Medline/Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs, crossing the following headings: "esophageal achalasia"; "deglutition disorders"; "diagnostic techniques", "digestive system"; "endoscopy, digestive system"; "manometry". Results: The diagnosis of achalasia is suggested by clinical features but is not sufficient to distinguish this from other esophageal disease. It must be confirmed by further diagnostic tests, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, barium swallow and manometry. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, including high resolution manometry might even help predicting outcome or selected more appropriate procedures to treat the disease. Conclusion: A detailed and systematic study of achalasia patients allows not only a correct diagnosis but also contributes to therapeutic decision making and prognosis.


RESUMO Introdução: O diagnóstico da acalásia pode ser sugerido pelo quadro clínico; porém, completa investigação se faz necessária não apenas para confirmar o diagnóstico, mas, também, para estratificar a doença quanto à gravidade ou sub-tipo clínico. Objetivo: Revisar os atuais métodos diagnósticos da acalásia do esôfago e sua correta interpretação. Método: Revisão da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs, cruzando-se os descritores "acalásia esofágica", "transtornos de deglutição", "técnicas de diagnóstico do sistema digestório", "endoscopia do sistema digestório" e "manometria". Resultados: O diagnóstico da acalásia é sugerido pelo quadro clínico, o qual, no entanto, é insuficiente para diferenciar esta doença de outras afecções esofágicas. O diagnóstico deve ser confirmado por endoscopia digestiva, estudo radiológico contrastado e manometria. Recentes avanços nos métodos diagnósticos, incluindo a manometria de alta resolução, podem também auxiliar no estabelecimento do prognóstico da doença ou na escolha da melhor modalidade de tratamento a ser realizada. Conclusão: Estudo detalhado e sistemático dos pacientes portadores de acalásia permite não apenas diagnóstico correto, mas também contribui na escolha da melhor opção terapêutica e estabelecimento do prognóstico destes indivíduos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Achalasia/classification , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnosis
10.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 33(3): 285-298, 2018. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-915810

ABSTRACT

La esofagectomía abierta o mínimamente invasiva, es un procedimiento técnicamente difícil, que requiere experiencia y habilidad por parte del cirujano, asociado a un cuidado pre- y postoperatorio adecuado. Se ha incrementado su uso y ha ganado aceptación dadas sus amplias ventajas, factibilidad y resultados oncológicos tempranos comparables. Al igual que con otros procedimientos, esta técnica tiene múltiples variaciones que van desde la mezcla de abordajes abiertos y vídeoasistidos, hasta aquellos completamente laparoscópicos, hecho que genera mayor comodidad para los cirujanos al momento de elegir un abordaje, de acuerdo con sus fortalezas y habilidades. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar algunas de las técnicas utilizadas alrededor del mundo, descritas por los cirujanos que las implementan, así como sus claves y secretos


Conventional open or minimally invasive esophagectomy is a complex procedure demanding expertise and advanced technical skills associated with proper perioperative care. Minimally invasive esophagectomy has gained wide acceptance due to being less invasive, its feasibility and similar early oncological outcomes. Surgical technique may range from a hybrid to a completely minimally invasive procedure. This myriad of techniques allow surgeons to choose the most appropriate technique according to his/her reality. This review aims to show the variety of procedures performed at different centers around the world, describing personal preferences on how to perform an esophagectomy and tips and tricks in order to maximize results


Subject(s)
Humans , Esophagus , Esophageal Neoplasms , Esophagectomy , Laparoscopy
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(1): 43-45, feb. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841632

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de bazo errante es una condición infrecuente en la cual existe ausencia o hiperlaxitud en los elementos de fijación esplénicos que predispone a una ubicación inusual en el abdomen y mayor riesgo de torsión e infarto visceral. Su etiología puede ser congénita o adquirida y la presentación clínica es variable. El diagnóstico se basa en sospecha clínica, laboratorio y estudios por imágenes. La cirugía es el único tratamiento definitivo para esta afección. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 23 años de edad con antecedentes de episodios recurrentes de dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo desde la infancia. Al examen físico se encontraba hemodinámicamente estable, afebril y con dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo. La ecografía mostró esplenomegalia homogénea y la tomografía de abdomen evidenció un bazo aumentado de tamaño, de posición conservada, con arremolinamiento y congestión de los vasos en el hilio esplénico. Se interpretó el cuadro como isquemia esplénica secundaria a torsión del pedículo vascular. Se realizó laparoscopia exploradora que evidenció bazo de 18 cm libre en hipocondrio izquierdo, con venas varicosas en la periferia y sin ligamentos de fijación. Se realizó esplenectomía por vía laparoscópica. La anatomía patológica informó necrosis isquémica del órgano. Evolucionó favorablemente con alta hospitalaria al tercer día postoperatorio.


Wandering spleen syndrome is a rare condition in which absence or laxity of splenic fixing elements predisposes to an unusual location in the abdomen and an increasing risk of twisting and infarction. Its etiology may be congenital or acquired and clinical presentation is variable. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, laboratory and imaging. Surgery is the only definitive treatment for this pathology. We report the case of a 23 year old woman with a history of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant since childhood. On physical examination she was afebrile, hemodynamically stable, with marked abdominal tenderness in the left upper quadrant. Ultrasonography showed homogeneous splenomegaly. Abdominal CT-scan presented an enlarged, eutopic spleen, with swirling and congestion of hilum vessels. Splenic ischemia due to organ torsion was suspected. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed showing an 18 cm in diameter spleen free in left upper quadrant, with varicose veins in the periphery and without fixing ligaments. Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed. The pathology report showed ischemic necrosis of the organ. The patient progressed favorably and was discharged on the third postoperative day.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Wandering Spleen/complications , Abdomen, Acute/etiology , Splenectomy , Wandering Spleen/surgery , Wandering Spleen/diagnosis , Abdomen, Acute/surgery
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